Menu Close

References for Branches of science

Notes

  1.  Also related to λόγος (logos), “word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle.” (Liddell and Scott, 1999).
  2.  Richard Feynman begins his Lectures with the atomic hypothesis, as his most compact statement of all scientific knowledge: “If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generations …, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is … that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another. …“[17]
  3.  The term ‘universe’ is defined as everything that physically exists: the entirety of space and time, all forms of matter, energy and momentum, and the physical laws and constants that govern them. However, the term ‘universe’ may also be used in slightly different contextual senses, denoting concepts such as the cosmos or the philosophical world
  4.  Evidence exists that the earliest civilizations dating back to beyond 3000  BCE, such as the Sumerians, Ancient Egyptians, and the Indus Valley civilization, all had a predictive knowledge and a very basic understanding of the motions of the Sun, Moon, and stars.
  5.  Francis Bacon’s 1620 Novum Organum was critical in the development of scientific method.
  6.  See Chemistry (etymology) for possible origins of this word.
  7.  The pronunciation of zoology as /zuˈɒlədʒi/ is typically regarded as nonstandard, though is not uncommon.
  8.  In Ernst Haeckel’s (1866) footnote where the term ecology originates, he also gives attribute to Ancient Greek: χώρας, romanized: khōrā, lit. ‘χωρα‘, meaning “dwelling place, distributional area” —quoted from Stauffer (1957).

References

Footnotes

  1.  “social science | History, Disciplines, & Facts”. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  2.  Popper 2002, p. 20.
  3.  Editorial Staff (March 7, 2008). “Scientific Method: Relationships among Scientific Paradigms”. Seed magazine. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
  4.  Popper 2002, pp. 79–82.
  5.  Liddell, Henry George, and Robert Scott. 1940. “Logikos.” A Greek–English Lexicon, edited by H. S. Jones with R. McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press. – via Perseus Project. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  6.  Harper, Douglas. 2020 [2001]. “logic (n.).” Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  7.  Gensler, Harry J. (2017) [2002]. “Chapter 1: Introduction”. Introduction to logic (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 1. doi:10.4324/9781315693361. ISBN 978-1-138-91059-1. OCLC 957680480.
  8.  Dodge, Y. (2003) The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms, OUP. ISBN 0-19-920613-9
  9.  “statistics”. TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  10.  “Statistics”. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
  11.  “Statistic”. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 29 March 2024.
  12.  Steele, Katie and Stefánsson, H. Orri, “Decision Theory”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2015 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = [1]
  13.  Myerson, Roger B. (1991). “1.2: Basic concepts of Decision Theory”. Game theory analysis of conflict. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-72861-5.
  14.  Habibi I, Cheong R, Lipniacki T, Levchenko A, Emamian ES, Abdi A (April 2017). “Computation and measurement of cell decision making errors using single cell data”. PLOS Computational Biology. 13 (4) e1005436. Bibcode:2017PLSCB..13E5436H. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005436. PMC 5397092. PMID 28379950.
  15.  Hansson, Sven Ove. “Decision theory: A brief introduction.” (2005) Section 1.2: A truly interdisciplinary subject.
  16.  “SIGACT”. Retrieved 2017-01-19.
  17.  R.P. Feynman; R.B. Leighton; Matthew Sands (1963). The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Vol. 1. Addison-Wesley. p. I-2. ISBN 0-201-02116-1.
  18.  J.C. Maxwell (1878). Matter and Motion. D. Van Nostrand. p. 9. ISBN 0-486-66895-9. Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events.
  19.  H.D. Young; R.A. Freedman (2004). University Physics with Modern Physics (11th ed.). Addison Wesley. p. 2. Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns and principles that relate these phenomena. These patterns are called physical theories or, when they are very well established and of broad use, physical laws or principles.
  20.  S. Holzner (2006). Physics for Dummies. Wiley. p. 7. ISBN 0-470-61841-8. Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you.
  21.  “Definition of CHEMISTRY”. www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  22.  “Definition of chemistry | Dictionary.com”. www.dictionary.com. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  23.  “WordNet Search: Earth science”. wordnetweb.princeton.edu. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  24.  Harper, Douglas. “geology”. Online Etymology Dictionary.
  25.  γῆ. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
  26.  “space science”. TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2020-08-23.
  27.  National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) – NASA Science
  28.  “Space science | Define Space science at Dictionary.com”.
  29.  Based on definition from: “Aquarena Wetlands Project glossary of terms”. Texas State University at San Marcos. Archived from the original on 2004-06-08.
  30.  Davies, PC; Rieper, E; Tuszynski, JA (January 2013). “Self-organization and entropy reduction in a living cell”. Bio Systems. 111 (1): 1–10. Bibcode:2013BiSys.111….1D. doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.10.005. PMC 3712629. PMID 23159919.
  31.  Modell, Harold; Cliff, William; Michael, Joel; McFarland, Jenny; Wenderoth, Mary Pat; Wright, Ann (December 2015). “A physiologist’s view of homeostasis”. Advances in Physiology Education. 39 (4): 259–66. doi:10.1152/advan.00107.2015. ISSN 1043-4046. PMC 4669363. PMID 26628646.
  32.  “Biological/Biochemistry”. acs.org.
  33.  RBG Kew (2016). The State of the World’s Plants Report – 2016. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://stateoftheworldsplants.com/report/sotwp_2016.pdf Archived 2016-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
  34.  “Bryophytes (Mosses and liverworts) — The Plant List”. www.theplantlist.org.
  35.  “zoology”. Online Etymology Dictionary.
  36.  “the definition of ecology”. Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  37.  Cohen, Eliel (2021). “The boundary lens: theorising academic actitity”. The University and its Boundaries: Thriving or Surviving in the 21st Century 1st Edition. New York, New York: Routledge. pp. 14–41. ISBN 978-0-367-56298-4.
  38.  Ioannidis, John P. A.; Cristea, Ioana-Alina; Boyack, Kevin W. (29 July 2020). “Work honored by Nobel prizes clusters heavily in a few scientific fields”. PLOS ONE. 15 (7) e0234612. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1534612I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234612. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7390258. PMID 32726312.
  39.  “Open Alex Data Evolution”. observablehq.com. 8 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.

Works cited

  • Lagemaat, Richard van de (2006). Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54298-2.
  • Popper, Karl R. (2002) [1959]. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. New York, NY: Routledge Classics. ISBN 0-415-27844-9. OCLC 59377149.
  • Sandoz, Raphaël. “Interactive Historical Atlas of the Disciplines”. University of Geneva. Retrieved 20 May 2019