Ancient Near East Portal is a gateway to the early civilizations that emerged in Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Persia, and the Levant, spanning from the Bronze Age to the rise of empires like the Assyrians, Babylonians, and Persians. This region, often called the “Cradle of Civilization,” gave birth to writing, complex societies, and major cultural and religious traditions. Explore the history, archaeology, mythology, and innovations of the Sumerians, Akkadians, Hittites, and more, uncovering the foundations of law, governance, and urban life that shaped the ancient world.
Ancient Near East
- Sumer
- Hamazi
- Subartu
- Suhum
- Uruk
- Akkadian Empire
- Armani
- Gutian Dynasty
- Simurrum
- Sumerian Empire
- Assyria
- Babylonia
- Tukri
- Kassites
- Chaldea
- Assyrian Empire
- Babylonian Empire
- Adiabene
Egypt
- Early Dynastic Period
- Old Kingdom
- Middle Kingdom
- New Kingdom
- Ptolemaic Kingdom
- Roman Egypt
Iran
- Elam
- Lullubi
- Medes
- Achaemenid Empire
- Parthian Empire
- Sasanian Empire
Anatolia
- Hattians
- Hurrians
- Hittites
- Carchemish
- Arzawa
- Assuwa
- Luwians
- Kaskians
- Hayasa-Azzi
- Shupria
- Colchis
- Neo-Hittite States
- Lydia
- Phrygians
- Diauehi
- Urartu
- Bithynia
- Pontus
- Commagene
The Levant
- Kish Civilization
- Ebla
- Armi
- Mari
- Nagar
- Amorites
- Qatna
- Mukish
- Amurru
- Yamhad
- Ugarit
- Hurrians
- Urkesh
- Urshu
- Mitanni
- Canaan
- Ancient Israel and Judah
- Ancient Palestine
- Phoenicia
- Alashiya
- Aram
- Neo-Hittite states
- Nabatea
- Iturea
- Seleucid Empire
- Coele-Syria
- Roman Syria
Arabia
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- Dilmun
- Magan
- Gerrha
- Awal
- Tylos
- Saba
- Qedar
- Qatabān
- Ḥaḍramawt
- Awsān
- Thamud
- Maʿīn
- Lihyan
- Nabataea
- Himyar
- Hatra
- Tanukh
- Ghassanids
- Salīḥids
- Lakhmid
- Kinda
